/*_############################################################################
  _## 
  _##  SNMP4J - OID.java  
  _## 
  _##  Copyright (C) 2003-2026  Frank Fock (SNMP4J.org)
  _##  
  _##  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  _##  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  _##  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  _##  
  _##      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  _##  
  _##  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  _##  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  _##  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  _##  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  _##  limitations under the License.
  _##  
  _##########################################################################*/
package org.snmp4j.smi;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

import org.snmp4j.asn1.BER;
import org.snmp4j.asn1.BERInputStream;
import org.snmp4j.SNMP4JSettings;
import org.snmp4j.util.OIDTextFormat;
import org.snmp4j.util.SimpleOIDTextFormat;

import java.text.ParseException;

/**
 * The Object Identifier Class.
 * <p>
 * The Object Identifier (OID) class is the encapsulation of an
 * SMI object identifier. The SMI object is a data identifier for a
 * data element found in a Management Information Base (MIB), as
 * defined by a MIB definition. The {@code OID} class allows definition and
 * manipulation of object identifiers.
 *
 * @author Frank Fock
 * @version 3.0
 */
public class OID extends AbstractVariable
        implements AssignableFromString, AssignableFromIntArray {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7521667239352941172L;

    private static OIDTextFormat oidTextFormat = new SimpleOIDTextFormat();

    public static final int MAX_OID_LEN = 128;
    public static final int MAX_SUBID_VALUE = 0xFFFFFFFF;

    private static final int[] NULL_OID = new int[0];

    private int[] value = NULL_OID;

    /**
     * Constructs a zero length OID.
     */
    public OID() {
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an {@code OID} from a dotted string. The string can contain
     * embedded strings enclosed by a single quote (') that are converted to
     * the corresponding OID value. For example, the following OID pairs are equal:
     * <pre>
     *     OID a = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.'hallo'.1");
     *     OID b = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.104.97.108.108.111.1");
     *     assertEquals(a, b);
     *     a = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.'hal.lo'.1");
     *     b = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.104.97.108.46.108.111.1");
     *     assertEquals(a, b);
     *     a = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.'hal.'.'''.'lo'.1");
     *     b = new OID("1.3.6.2.1.5.104.97.108.46.39.108.111.1");
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param oid a dotted OID String, for example, "1.3.6.1.2.2.1.0"
     */
    public OID(String oid) {
        value = parseDottedString(oid);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an {@code OID} from an array of integer values.
     *
     * @param rawOID an array of {@code int} values. The array
     *               is copied. Later changes to {@code rawOID} will therefore not
     *               affect the OID's value.
     */
    public OID(int[] rawOID) {
        this(rawOID, 0, rawOID.length);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an {@code OID} from two arrays of integer values where
     * the first represents the OID prefix (i.e., the object class ID) and
     * the second one represents the OID suffix (i.e., the instance identifier).
     *
     * @param prefixOID an array of {@code int} values. The array
     *                  is copied. Later changes to {@code prefixOID} will therefore not
     *                  affect the OID's value.
     * @param suffixOID an array of {@code int} values which will be appended to the
     *                  {@code prefixOID} OID. The array is copied. Later changes to
     *                  {@code suffixOID} will therefore not affect the OID's value.
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public OID(int[] prefixOID, int[] suffixOID) {
        this.value = new int[prefixOID.length + suffixOID.length];
        System.arraycopy(prefixOID, 0, value, 0, prefixOID.length);
        System.arraycopy(suffixOID, 0, value, prefixOID.length, suffixOID.length);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an {@code OID} from two arrays of integer values where
     * the first represents the OID prefix (i.e., the object class ID) and
     * the second one represents the OID suffix (i.e., the instance identifier).
     *
     * @param prefixOID an array of {@code int} values. The array
     *                  is copied. Later changes to {@code prefixOID} will therefore not
     *                  affect the OID's value.
     * @param suffixID  an {@code int} value that will be appended to the
     *                  {@code prefixOID} OID. The array is copied. Later changes to
     *                  {@code prefixOID} will therefore not affect the OID's value.
     * @since 2.2.6
     */
    public OID(int[] prefixOID, int suffixID) {
        this.value = new int[prefixOID.length + 1];
        System.arraycopy(prefixOID, 0, value, 0, prefixOID.length);
        this.value[prefixOID.length] = suffixID;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an {@code OID} from an array of integer values.
     *
     * @param rawOID an array of {@code int} values. The array
     *               is copied. Later changes to {@code rawOID} will therefore not
     *               affect the OID's value.
     * @param offset the zero based offset into the {@code rawOID} that points to the
     *               first sub-identifier of the new OID.
     * @param length the length of the new OID, where {@code offset + length} must be
     *               less or equal the length of {@code rawOID}. Otherwise an
     *               {@code IndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown.
     */
    public OID(int[] rawOID, int offset, int length) {
        setValue(rawOID, offset, length);
    }

    /**
     * Copy constructor.
     *
     * @param other OID
     */
    public OID(OID other) {
        this(other.getValue());
    }

    private static int[] parseDottedString(String oid) {
        try {
            return SNMP4JSettings.getOIDTextFormat().parse(oid);
        } catch (ParseException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("OID '" + oid + "' cannot be parsed", ex);
        }
    }


    public final int getSyntax() {
        return SMIConstants.SYNTAX_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Arrays.hashCode(getValue());
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof OID) {
            OID other = (OID) o;
            if (other.value.length != value.length) {
                return false;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
                if (value[i] != other.value[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this OID where sub-identifiers have been set to zero
     * for all n-th sub-identifier where the n-th bit of mask is zero.
     *
     * @param mask a mask where the n-th bit corresponds to the n-th sub-identifier.
     * @return the masked OID.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public OID mask(OctetString mask) {
        int[] masked = new int[value.length];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, masked, 0, value.length);
        for (int i = 0; (i < mask.length() * 8) && (i < masked.length); i++) {
            byte b = (byte) (0x80 >> (i % 8));
            if ((mask.get(i / 8) & b) == 0) {
                masked[i] = 0;
            }
        }
        return new OID(masked);
    }

    public final int compareTo(Variable o) {
        if (o instanceof OID) {
            OID other = (OID) o;
            int min = Math.min(value.length, other.value.length);
            int result = leftMostCompare(min, other);
            if (result == 0) {
                return (value.length - other.value.length);
            }
            return result;
        }
        throw new ClassCastException(o.getClass().getName());
    }

    /**
     * Return a string representation that can be parsed again to this {@link OID}
     * by {@link #OID(String)}.
     *
     * @return a formatted string representation of this OID (e.g. "ifDescr.1") that
     * can be parsed again as defined by {@link OIDTextFormat#formatForRoundTrip(int[])}
     * in {@link SNMP4JSettings}.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return SNMP4JSettings.getOIDTextFormat().formatForRoundTrip(value);
    }

    /**
     * Format the OID as text. This could return to same result as {@link #toString()}
     * but also fully converted index-to-text values like
     * {@code snmp4jLogLoggerIndex.org.snmp4j.MessageDispatcherImpl}.
     *
     * @return a string representation of this OID as defined by the
     * {@link OIDTextFormat#format(int[])} in {@link SNMP4JSettings}.
     * @since 2.2
     */
    public String format() {
        return SNMP4JSettings.getOIDTextFormat().format(value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the OID as dotted string (e.g., "1.3.6.1.4.1") regardless of what
     * {@link OIDTextFormat} instance is set in {@link SNMP4JSettings}.
     *
     * @return a dotted string representation of this OID value.
     * @since 2.2
     */
    public String toDottedString() {
        return oidTextFormat.format(value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the content of the as a byte array. This method can be used
     * to convert an index value to an {@code OctetString} or
     * {@code IpAddress} instance.
     *
     * @return the sub-identifies of this {@code OID} as a byte array. Each
     * sub-identifier value is masked with 0xFF to form a byte value.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public byte[] toByteArray() {
        byte[] b = new byte[value.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            b[i] = (byte) (value[i] & 0xFF);
        }
        return b;
    }

    public void encodeBER(OutputStream outputStream) throws java.io.IOException {
        BER.encodeOID(outputStream, BER.OID, value);
    }

    public int getBERLength() {
        int length = BER.getOIDLength(value);
        return length + BER.getBERLengthOfLength(length) + 1;
    }

    public void decodeBER(BERInputStream inputStream) throws java.io.IOException {
        BER.MutableByte type = new BER.MutableByte();
        int[] v = BER.decodeOID(inputStream, type);
        if (type.getValue() != BER.OID) {
            throw new IOException("Wrong type encountered when decoding OID: " +
                    type.getValue());
        }
        setValue(v);
    }

    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = parseDottedString(value);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value from an array of integer values.
     *
     * @param value The new value
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if value == null.
     */
    public final void setValue(int[] value) {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("OID value must not be set to null");
        }
        this.value = value;
    }

    private void setValue(int[] rawOID, int offset, int length) {
        value = new int[length];
        System.arraycopy(rawOID, offset, value, 0, length);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all sub-identifiers as an int array.
     *
     * @return int arry of all sub-identifiers
     */
    public final int[] getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the sub-identifier value at the specified position.
     *
     * @param index a zero-based index into the {@code OID}.
     * @return the sub-indentifier value at <code>index</code>. NOTE: The returned
     * value may be negative if the sub-identifier value is greater than
     * {@code 2^31}.
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size()).
     */
    public final int get(int index) {
        return value[index];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the unsigned sub-identifier value at the specified position.
     *
     * @param index int
     * @return the sub-identifier value at {@code index} as an unsigned long
     * value.
     */
    public final long getUnsigned(int index) {
        return value[index] & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the sub-identifier at the specified position.
     *
     * @param index a zero-based index into the {@code OID}.
     * @param value a 32bit unsigned integer value.
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size()).
     */
    public final void set(int index, int value) {
        this.value[index] = value;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a dotted String OID to this {@code OID}.
     *
     * @param oid a dotted String with numerical sub-identifiers.
     * @return a pointer to this OID instance (useful for chaining).
     */
    public final OID append(String oid) {
        OID suffix = new OID(oid);
        return append(suffix);
    }

    /**
     * Appends an {@code OID} to this OID.
     *
     * @param oid an {@code OID} instance.
     * @return a pointer to this OID instance (useful for chaining).
     */
    public final OID append(OID oid) {
        int[] newValue = new int[value.length + oid.value.length];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, newValue, 0, value.length);
        System.arraycopy(oid.value, 0, newValue, value.length, oid.value.length);
        value = newValue;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends a sub-identifier to this OID.
     *
     * @param subID an integer value.
     * @return a pointer to this OID instance (useful for chaining).
     */
    public final OID append(int subID) {
        int[] newValue = new int[value.length + 1];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, newValue, 0, value.length);
        newValue[value.length] = subID;
        value = newValue;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends an unsigned long sub-identifier value to this OID.
     *
     * @param subID an unsigned long value less or equal to 2^32-1.
     * @return a pointer to this OID instance (useful for chaining).
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public final OID appendUnsigned(long subID) {
        return append((int) (subID & 0xFFFFFFFFL));
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this {@code OID} can be BER encoded.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if size() &gt;= 2 and size() &lt;= 128 and if the first
     * two sub-identifiers are less than 3 and 40 respectively.
     */
    public boolean isValid() {
        return ((size() >= 2) && (size() <= 128) &&
                ((value[0] & 0xFFFFFFFFL) <= 2l) &&
                ((value[1] & 0xFFFFFFFFL) < 40l));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of sub-identifiers in this {@code OID}.
     *
     * @return an integer value between 0 and 128.
     */
    public final int size() {
        return value.length;
    }

    /**
     * Compares the n leftmost sub-identifiers with the given {@code OID}
     * in left-to-right direction.
     *
     * @param n     the number of sub-identifiers to compare.
     * @param other an {@code OID} to compare with this {@code OID}.
     * @return <UL>
     * <LI>0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers are the same.
     * <LI>&lt;0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers of this
     * {@code OID} are lexicographic less than those of the comparand.
     * <LI>&gt;0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers of this
     * {@code OID} are lexicographic greater than those of the comparand.
     * </UL>
     */
    public int leftMostCompare(int n, OID other) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n && i < value.length && i < other.size(); i++) {
            if (value[i] != other.value[i]) {
                if ((value[i] & 0xFFFFFFFFL) <
                        (other.value[i] & 0xFFFFFFFFL)) {
                    return -1;
                } else {
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }
        if (n > value.length) {
            return -1;
        } else if (n > other.size()) {
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Compares the n rightmost sub-identifiers in direction right-to-left
     * with those of the given {@code OID}.
     *
     * @param n     the number of sub-identifiers to compare.
     * @param other an {@code OID} to compare with this {@code OID}.
     * @return <UL>
     * <LI>0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers are the same.
     * <LI>&lt;0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers of this
     * {@code OID} are lexicographic less than those of the comparand.
     * <LI>&gt;0 if the first {@code n} sub-identifiers of this
     * {@code OID} are lexicographic greater than those of the comparand.
     * </UL>
     */
    public int rightMostCompare(int n, OID other) {
        int cursorA = value.length - 1;
        int cursorB = other.value.length - 1;
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--, cursorA--, cursorB--) {
            if (value[cursorA] != other.value[cursorB]) {
                if (value[cursorA] < other.value[cursorB]) {
                    return -1;
                } else {
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Check if the OID starts with the given OID.
     *
     * @param other the OID to compare to
     * @return false if the sub-identifiers do not match.
     */
    public boolean startsWith(OID other) {
        if (other.value.length > value.length) {
            return false;
        }
        int min = Math.min(value.length, other.value.length);
        return (leftMostCompare(min, other) == 0);
    }

    public Object clone() {
        return new OID(value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last sub-identifier as an integer value. If this OID is
     * empty (i.e. has no sub-identifiers) then a
     * {@link NoSuchElementException} is thrown
     *
     * @return the value of the last sub-identifier of this OID as an integer value.
     * Sub-identifier values greater than 2^31-1 will be returned as negative
     * values!
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public final int last() {
        if (value.length > 0) {
            return value[value.length - 1];
        }
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last sub-identifier as an unsigned long value. If this OID is
     * empty (i.e. has no sub-identifiers) then a
     * {@link NoSuchElementException} is thrown
     *
     * @return the value of the last sub-identifier of this OID as an unsigned long.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public final long lastUnsigned() {
        if (value.length > 0) {
            return value[value.length - 1] & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
        }
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }

    /**
     * Removes the last sub-identifier (if available) from this {@code OID}
     * and returns it.
     *
     * @return the last sub-identifier or -1 if there is no sub-identifier left in
     * this {@code OID}.
     */
    public int removeLast() {
        if (value.length == 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        int[] newValue = new int[value.length - 1];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, newValue, 0, value.length - 1);
        int retValue = value[value.length - 1];
        value = newValue;
        return retValue;
    }

    /**
     * Remove the n rightmost subidentifiers from this OID.
     *
     * @param n the number of subidentifiers to remove. If {@code n} is zero or
     *          negative then this OID will not be changed. If {@code n} is greater
     *          than {@link #size()} all subidentifiers will be removed from this OID.
     */
    public void trim(int n) {
        if (n > 0) {
            if (n > value.length) {
                n = value.length;
            }
            int[] newValue = new int[value.length - n];
            System.arraycopy(value, 0, newValue, 0, value.length - n);
            value = newValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new copy of this OID with the last sub-indentifier removed.
     *
     * @return a copy of this OID with {@code n-1} sub-identifiers where
     * {@code n} is the size of this OID and greater than zero, otherwise
     * a zero-length OID is returned.
     * @since 1.11
     */
    public OID trim() {
        return new OID(value, 0, Math.max(value.length - 1, 0));
    }

    public int toInt() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public long toLong() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    public final OID toSubIndex(boolean impliedLength) {
        if (impliedLength) {
            return new OID(value);
        }
        OID subIndex = new OID(new int[]{size()});
        subIndex.append(this);
        return subIndex;
    }

    public final void fromSubIndex(OID subIndex, boolean impliedLength) {
        int offset = 1;
        if (impliedLength) {
            offset = 0;
        }
        setValue(subIndex.getValue(), offset, subIndex.size() - offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the successor OID for this OID.
     *
     * @return an OID clone of this OID with a zero sub-identifier appended.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public final OID successor() {
        if (value.length == MAX_OID_LEN) {
            for (int i = MAX_OID_LEN - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                if (value[i] != MAX_SUBID_VALUE) {
                    int[] succ = new int[i + 1];
                    System.arraycopy(value, 0, succ, 0, i + 1);
                    succ[i]++;
                    return new OID(succ);
                }
            }
            return new OID();
        } else {
            int[] succ = new int[value.length + 1];
            System.arraycopy(value, 0, succ, 0, value.length);
            succ[value.length] = 0;
            return new OID(succ);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the predecessor OID for this OID.
     *
     * @return if this OID ends on 0, then a {@link #MAX_OID_LEN}
     * sub-identifier OID is returned where each sub-ID for index greater
     * or equal to {@link #size()} is set to {@link #MAX_SUBID_VALUE}.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public final OID predecessor() {
        if (last() != 0) {
            int[] pval = new int[MAX_OID_LEN];
            System.arraycopy(value, 0, pval, 0, value.length);
            Arrays.fill(pval, value.length, pval.length, MAX_SUBID_VALUE);
            OID pred = new OID(pval);
            pred.set(size() - 1, last() - 1);
            return pred;
        } else {
            OID pred = new OID(this);
            pred.removeLast();
            return pred;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the next following OID with the same or lesser size (length).
     *
     * @return OID
     * the next OID on the same or upper level or a clone of this OID, if
     * it has a zero length or is 2^32-1.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public final OID nextPeer() {
        OID next = new OID(this);
        if ((next.size() > 0) && (last() != MAX_SUBID_VALUE)) {
            next.set(next.size() - 1, last() + 1);
        } else if (next.size() > 1) {
            next.trim(1);
            next = next.nextPeer();
        }
        return next;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the greater of the two OID values.
     *
     * @param a an OID.
     * @param b an OID.
     * @return {@code a} if a &gt;= b, {@code b} otherwise.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public static OID max(OID a, OID b) {
        if (a.compareTo(b) >= 0) {
            return a;
        }
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the lesser of the two OID values.
     *
     * @param a an OID.
     * @param b an OID.
     * @return {@code a} if a &lt;= b, {@code b} otherwise.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public static OID min(OID a, OID b) {
        if (a.compareTo(b) <= 0) {
            return a;
        }
        return b;
    }

    public int[] toIntArray() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Return this OID as array of unsigned long values.
     * @return
     *    an array of unsigned long values.
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public long[] toUnsignedLongArray() {
        long[] longs = new long[size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            longs[i] = Integer.toUnsignedLong(value[i]);
        }
        return longs;
    }

    /**
     * Get the suffix of this OID that exceeds the given OID. This operation can be used to determine the row index
     * of a table cell. For example {@link #getSuffix(OID)} on the OID {@code ifDescr.2} with the prefix
     * parameter {@code ifDescr} will return the OID 2.
     * Likewise, {@link #getSuffix(OID)} on the OID {@code 1.3.6.1.4} with prefix parameter {@code 1.3.6} will return
     * {@code 1.4}.
     *
     * @param prefix the prefix to left-most trim from this OID to form the result. This OID will not be modified though.
     * @return If this OID does not start with prefix, {@code null} is returned. Otherwise, the suffix that extends this
     * OID compared with {@code prefix} is returned. If both OIDs equal, a zero length OID is returned.
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public OID getSuffix(OID prefix) {
        int prefixSize = prefix.size();
        if (leftMostCompare(prefixSize, prefix) == 0) {
            int[] suffix = new int[size() - prefixSize];
            System.arraycopy(value, prefixSize, suffix, 0, size() - prefixSize);
            return new OID(suffix);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the prefix of this OID that is contained in the given OID. This operation can be used to
     * determine the column OID of a table cell.
     * @param suffix
     *    the suffix to right-most trim from this OID to form the result. This OID will not be modified though.
     * @return
     *    If this OID does not end with suffix, {@code null} is returned. Otherwise, the prefix of this OID is
     *    returned which prepends the suffix.
     * @since 3.11.0
     */
    public OID getPrefix(OID suffix) {
        int suffixSize = suffix.size();
        if (suffixSize < size()) {
            if (rightMostCompare(suffixSize, suffix) == 0) {
                int[] prefix = new int[size() - suffixSize];
                System.arraycopy(value, 0, prefix, 0, prefix.length);
                return new OID(prefix);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new OID that is a sub-sequence of this OID starting at {@code beginIndex} until the end of this OID.
     * @param beginIndex the begin index, inclusive.
     * @return the specified sub OID.
     * @since 3.4.1
     */
    public OID subOID(int beginIndex) {
        if (beginIndex < 0) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        int[] sub = new int[value.length - beginIndex];
        System.arraycopy(value, beginIndex, sub, 0, value.length-beginIndex);
        return new OID(sub);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new OID that is a sub-sequence of this OID.
     * @param beginIndex the begin index, inclusive.
     * @param endIndex the end index, exclusive.
     * @return the specified sub OID.
     * @since 3.4.1
     */
    public OID subOID(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
        if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex < 0 || endIndex > value.length || beginIndex > endIndex) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        int[] sub = new int[endIndex - beginIndex];
        System.arraycopy(value, beginIndex, sub, 0, endIndex-beginIndex);
        return new OID(sub);
    }
}

